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- At last, how to protect yourself from polymorphic viruses
-
- My past two columns concerning the threat presented by polymorphic
- viruses triggered an informative conversation with the industry's
- chief virus researcher, John McAfee. During that conversation I
- learned that things are even worse than I'd supposed.
- It turns out that the " Dark Avenger" bulletin board system, which
- disseminates virus code, has recently published the complete source
- code for the Dark Avenger Mutation engine. The mutation engine is
- nothing less than a first-class code kernel that can be tacked on
- to any existing or future virus to turn it into a nearly impossible
- to detect self-encrypting polymorphic virus.
- My examination of a sample virus encrypted by the Mutation Engine
- provided by McAfee revealed alarming capabilities. Not only do Dark
- Avenger Mutation Engine viruses employ all of the capabilities I
- outlined in last week's theoretical polymorphic virus column, but
- they also use a sophisticated reversible encryption algorithm
- generator.
- The Mutation Engine uses a metalanguage-driven algorithm generator
- that allows it to create an infinite variety of completely original
- encryption algorithms. The resulting unique algorithms are then
- salted with superflous instructions, resulting in decryption
- algorithms varying from 5 to 200 bytes long.
- Because McAfee has already received many otherwise known viruses
- that are now encapsulated with the Mutation Engine's polymorphic
- encryption, it's clear that viruses of this new breed are now
- traveling among us.
- It is clear that the game is forever changed; the sophistication
- of the Mutating Engine is amazing and staggering. Simple pattern-
- matching virus scanners will still reliably detect the several
- thousand well-known viruses; however these scanners are completely
- incapable of detecting any of the growing number of viruses now
- being cloaked by the Dark Avenger Mutation Engine.
- So what can we ultimately do to twart current and future software
- viruses? After brainstorming through the problem with some of our
- industry's brightest developers and systems architects, I've
- reached several conclusions:
- First, scanning for known viruses within executable program code
- is fundamentally a dead end. It's the only solution we have for the
- moment, but the detectors can only find the viruses they are aware
- of, and new developments such as the Mutation Engine render even
- these measures obsolete.
- Second, detecting the reproductive proclivities of viruses on the
- prowl is prone to frequent false alarms and ultimately complete
- avoidance. With time the viruses will simply circumvent the
- detectors, at which time the detectors will only misfire for self-
- modifying benign programs.
- Third, the Achilles' heel of our current DOS-based PC is its
- entirely unprotected nature. As long as executable programs( such
- as benign and helpful system utilities) are able to freely and
- directly access and alter the operating system and its file system,
- our machines will be vulnerable to deliberate viral attack.
- So here's my recommendation.
- Only a next-generation protected mode operating system can enforce
- the levels of security required to provide complete viral immunity.
- By marking files and code overlays as "read and execute only" and
- by prohibiting the sorts of direct file system tampering performed
- by our current crop of system utilities, such operating systems
- will be able to provide their client programs with complete viral
- immunity.
- The final Achilles' heel of a protected-mode operating system is
- the system boot process, before and during which it is still
- potentially vulnerable. By changing the system ROM-BIOS' boot
- priorty to favor hard disc booting over floppy, thios last viral
- path can be closed and blocked as well.
-
- note; Steve Gibson is the developer and publisher of SpinRite and
- president of Gibson Research Corp., based in Irvine, Calif. Send
- comments to InfoWorld via MCImail (259-2147) or fax them to (415)
- 358-1269